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history of panic and agoraphobia: GENERAL '

In the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), a panic attack is referred to as "a distinct period of intense fear or discomfort", ac companied by at least four somatic symptoms or such as cognitive, among others, palpitations, tremor, tachypnea, sweating and choking.

Since the panic disorder was coded in 1980 had accumulated a significant amount experimental data on the disorder and clinical experiences with patients. The

to panic disorder is characterized by the appearance of spontaneous, unexpected panic attacks , whose frequency can vary from multiple attacks throughout the day, a few attacks during a year. The distur

bo panic is often accompanied by agoraphobia , that pau ra to be alone in a public place (eg, a supermarket), especially in places where it would be impossible for a quick escape if the subject had a panic attack.

Agoraphobia may be the most disabling phobias, as that its presence can significantly interfere with the functioning of the person in social situations and vorative out of their homes. In the U.S., most researchers in the field of panic disorder agoraphobia considers that the application is almost always a complication in patients with panic disorder. In other words, we assume that agoraphobia is caused by the development of the fear of having a panic attack in a public place from which it may be difficult to escape.

Researchers from other Countries are, but also the United States, do not accept this theory. However, the fourth edition of DSM (DSM-IV) considers the disturbance panic as the predominant complaint in the dyad and includes diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia and panic disorder without agoraphobia .

The DSM-IV contains diagnostic criteria for agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. The same panic attacks can occur in a number of mental disorders (eg, in depressive distur bo) and medical conditions (eg, abstinence or poisoning substances); the onset of an attack by nico pa per se does not justify the diagnosis of panic disorder.

Because subjects with panic disorder often go to the emergency Aid, the symptoms may be misdiagnosed as a serious medical condition (eg, myocardial infarction) or as a so-called hysterical symptoms. Nevertheless, the ability of health professionals who deal with mental health to recognize the symptoms of panic disorder has increased since 1980 and have been developed specific treatments.

All caregivers should be now able to recognize the symptoms of panic disorder, so patients can receive appropriate treatment, whether pharmacological or psychotherapeutic.