struc tural neuroimaging studies (eg, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) in patients with panic disorder showed a disease of the temporal lobe, particularly the hippocampus.
For example, one study reported MRI abnormalities, especially cortical atrophy in the right temporal lobe of subjects with panic disorder .
neuroinimagine functional studies (eg, the positropi emission tomography [PET]) have shown a dysregulation of cerebral blood flow.
Specified mind, anxiety disorders and panic attacks are associated with cerebral vasoconstriction, which can result in symptoms in the central nervous system, such as dizziness, and peripheral nervous system is, that can be induced by hyperventilation and dall'ipocapnia.
Most neuroimaging studies functional used a substance that induces panic (eg, lactate, yohimbine, caffeine) in combination with PET or computed tomography single photon emission tomography (SPECT) to determine the effects on cerebral blood flow of the substance inducing panic and resulting panic attack.
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