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DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for panic disorder with agoraphobia

A. Either (1) or (2);

(1) recurrent unexpected panic attacks

(2) at least one of the attacks was followed by a month (or more) of one (or more) of the following symptoms:

(a) persistent concern about having other attacks
(b) concern about the implications of the attack or its consequences (eg, losing control, have a heart attack, "going crazy")
(c) significant behavioral changes related to the attacks

B. Presence of agoraphobia.

C. Panic attacks are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (for example, a subject of substance abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (eg, hyperthyroidism).

D. Panic attacks are not better accounted for by another mental disorder , such as social phobia



(for example, occur after exposure to feared social situations), specific phobia

the ;

(for example, following exposure to a specific phobic situation), the

obsessive-compulsive

(for example, upon exposure to dirt a person with an obsession about contamination) ,

the post-traumatic stress disorder

(for example, in response to stimuli associated with a severe stressor)

disorder or separation anxiety

(for example, in response to being away from home or away from close relatives).